(မေလးရွားႏိုင္ငံအေျခစိုက္ Women Aid's Organisation (WAO) မွ စုေဆာင္းျပဳစုထားေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္တို႔၏ ညွင္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္ခံဘ၀မ်ားႏွင့္ အလုပ္ရွင္ မေလးရွားလူမ်ိဳးတို႔၏ သေဘာထားမ်ားကို Friend Ever မွ မွီျငမ္း ဘာသာျပန္ထားျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ မိမိတို႔ ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳးတို႔၏ဘ၀မ်ား ထပ္မံမနိမ့္က်ႏိုင္ေစရန္အတြက္ မိမိတို႔တတ္ႏိုင္သမွ် ၀ိုင္း၀န္းေဆာင္ရြက္ၾကပါရန္လည္း အေလးအနက္ တိုက္တြန္းအပ္ပါသည္။)
မေလးရွားသည္ ျပည္ပအလုပ္သမားမ်ားအေပၚ လူသားမဆန္စြာ မတရားၿပဳမႈမ်ားသည္ ေန႔စဥ္ႏွင့္အမွ် ပုိမုိဆုိး၀ါးလ်က္ရွိပါသည္။ အဆုိး၀ါးဆုံးမွာ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမမ်ားအေပၚ ယင္းတုိ႕၏ ရက္စက္စြာ ဆက္ဆံမႈမ်ားသည္ အလြန္ဆုိး၀ါးလ်က္ရွိသည္ဟု၊ WAO (Women’s Aid Organization) မွ ေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိရသည္။ မေလးရွားသည္ ျပည္ပမွလာေရာက္ေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမမ်ားအေပၚ မတရားညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္မႈသည္ အျခားႏုိင္ငံမ်ားထက္ ပုိမုိဆုိး၀ါးလ်က္ရွိပါသည္။ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမတုိ႕၏ အလုပ္လုပ္ကုိင္ရေသာ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္သည္ အလုပ္ရွင္ႏွင့္ အိမ္တစ္အိမ္တည္းတြင္ ေနထုိင္ရျခင္း၊ ယင္းတုိ႕အတြက္ ကာကြယ္ေပးထားေသာ ထိေရာက္ေသာဥပေဒကုိ မေလးရွားအစုိးရမွမထုတ္ျပန္ထားျခင္း၊ ဥပေဒမွာ အလုပ္သမကုိ ကာကြယ္ျခင္းထက္ မေလးရွားႏုိင္ငံသားအလုပ္ရွင္မ်ားကုိ ကာကြယ္ေပးထားျခင္း၊ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမမ်ားသည္ အျခားအလုပ္သမမ်ားႏွင့္မတူပဲ အလုပ္လုပ္ရေသာေနရာတြင္ လုပ္ေဖာ္ကုိင္ဖက္မရွိျခင္း စသည္တုိ႕ေၾကာင့္ ပုိမုိ၍ ညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္မႈကုိ ခံစားရပါသည္။
ထုိ႕အျပင္ မေလးရွားအစုိးရပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ ျပည္တြင္းအစုိးရဆုိင္ရာ အလုပ္သမားဌာနတုိ႕၏ ေပၚလစီမ်ားက အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမမ်ားအေရးႏွင့္ အလုပ္ရွင္တုိ႕၏ ညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္မႈတုိ႕ကုိ ကာကြယ္ေပးေနသကဲ့သုိ႕ရွိပါသည္။ WAO မွေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိခ်က္အရ အလုပ္ရွင္မ်ား၏ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမတုိ႕အေပၚ မတရားၿပဳမႈမ်ားကုိ မ်ားစြာေတြ႕ရွိရသည္။
မေလးရွားရွိ ၂-သန္းေက်ာ္ပမာဏရွိေသာ ေရႊ႕ေျပာင္းအလုပ္သမားမ်ားအနက္ ၁၆၀,၀၀၀ ေက်ာ္မွာ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူလုပ္ငန္းကုိ လုပ္ကုိင္ေနၾကသည္။ WAO သည္ မေလးရွားႏုိင္ငံရွိ ျပည္ပမွလာေရာက္လုပ္ကုိင္ရေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမတုိ႕အေပၚ အလုပ္ရွင္မ်ားမွ ဆက္ဆံမႈကုိ အေသးစိတ္ေလ့လာခဲ့ရာ အလုပ္ရွင္တုိ႔၏ မတရားညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္မႈမ်ားကုိ ပုံစံမ်ဳိးစုံ ေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိရပါသည္။ မေလးရွားႏုိင္ငံသားအလုပ္ရွင္တုိ႕၏ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမမ်ားအေပၚ လူမဆန္ေသာ ႏွိပ္စက္မႈမ်ားမွာ စိတ္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာႏွိပ္စက္မႈ၊ ရုပ္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာႏွိပ္စက္မႈ၊ ပါးရုိက္ျခင္း၊ နားရင္းအုပ္ျခင္း၊ ရုိက္နက္ျခင္း၊ ဆြဲလိမ္ျခင္း စသည္လူမဆန္ေသာ ႏွိပ္စက္မႈမ်ားကုိ ခံစားၾကရပါသည္။ သူတုိ႕သည္ တစ္ေန႕တစ္ေန႕ အလြန္အခ်ိန္ၾကာၾကာ အလုပ္လုပ္ၾကရသည္။ ေန႕စဥ္ မနက္ ၅ နာရီ အိပ္ရာမွထၾကရပီး၊ ညဥ္႕နက္သန္းေခါင္အထိ အလုပ္လုပ္ၾကရပါသည္။ မေလးရွားတြင္လုပ္ကုိင္ၾကရေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူတုိ႕၏ ဘ၀မွာ အလြန္သနားစရာ ေကာင္းလွပါသည္။ အစားအစာေကာင္းမြန္စြာ မစားရ၍ အဟာရခ်ဳိ႕တဲ့ျခင္း၊ အိမ္ရွင္မ်ားအတြက္ ေကာင္းမြန္စြာခ်က္ၿပဳတ္ေပးရေသာ္လည္း၊ သူ႕တို႔အတြက္မွာ ဆုိး၀ါးေသာ ေစ်းေပါေသာ၊ သူတုိ႕စား၍ မကုန္ေသာ၊ မေကာင္းေသာ အစာမ်ားကုိ ေကၽြးေမြးျခင္း စသည္ထိ လူမဆန္စြာ ၿပဳခံၾကရသည္။ အစာကုိ ၀လင္စြာ မစားရ။ ထုိ႕အျပင္ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူ အလုပ္သမတုိ႕သည္ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ႏွင့္ ထိေတြ႕ဆက္ဆံခြင့္မရျခင္း၊ သူငယ္ခ်င္းအေပါင္းအသင္းမ်ားႏွင့္ေတြ႕ခ်ိန္ စကားေျပာခ်ိန္မရျခင္း၊ အလြန္ဆုိး၀ါးေသာ ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္မႈမ်ားအျဖစ္ ဥပမာ.. ညအခ်ိန္ ေတာထဲသုိ႕ကားျဖင့္ ပုိ႕ေဆာင္၍ တစ္ေယာက္တည္း ထားပစ္ခဲ့ျခင္း (တစ္ညလုံးပစ္ထားျခင္း)၊ ၾကမ္းတမ္းစြာဆုိး၀ါးစြာ ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္ျခင္း၊ စသည္တုိ႕ျဖင့္ မ်ားစြာေသာ လူမဆန္မႈမ်ားကုိ ခံစားရပါသည္။ အနည္းဆုံး ၂ ႏွစ္ အိမ္တစ္အိမ္တည္းေနကာ မနက္မုိးမလင္းခင္မွစ၍ ညဥ္႕နက္သန္းေခါင္ထိ အလုပ္လုပ္ကုိင္ရေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမ မ်ားအေပၚ မေလးရွားအလုပ္ရွင္မ်ားမွ ထပ္ဆင့္၍ လူသားမဆန္ရုိင္းစုိင္းစြာ ညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္ၾကသည္။
အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူ အလုပ္သမတုိ႕အေပၚ ႏိွပ္စက္သည့္ အမႈမ်ားစြာရွိေသာ္လည္း မေလးရွားအစုိးရႏွင့္ သူ႕ႏုိင္ငံသားတုိ႕ကုိ မည္သည္႕မတရားမႈ လုပ္သည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ အကာအကြယ္ေပးေသာ ျပည္တြင္းသတင္းစာမ်ားမွလည္း ဇူလုိင္လ ၁၉၉၇ မွ ႀသဂုတ္လ ၁၉၉၈ ထိ၊ အိမ္ေဖာ္တုိ႕အေပၚ အလုပ္ရွင္မွ က်ဴးလြန္ေသာ အမႈ ၁၉-မႈသာရွိေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။ ထုိ႕သုိ႕ဆုိလွ်င္လည္း အနည္းဆုံး ၃-လတြင္ တစ္မႈႏႈန္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ထုိအမႈမ်ားတြင္ ျပင္းစြာဒဏ္ရာရေအာင္ ရုိက္ႏွက္မႈ၊ လိင္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ အၾကမ္းဖက္ေစာ္ကားမႈ၊ မုဒိန္းမႈ၊ မုဒိန္းက်င့္ရန္ ႀကဳိးပမ္းအႏုိင္က်င့္မႈ၊ အခန္းက်ဥ္းအတြင္း ရက္မ်ားစြာ ေလွာင္ပိတ္ထားမႈ (ႏွစ္မႈ)၊ လုပ္ခလစာ မေပးျခင္း (၇-မႈ) စသည္႕အလုပ္ရွင္တုိ႕၏ အလြန္ဆုိး၀ါးစြာ လူမဆန္စြာ ႏွိပ္စက္မႈမ်ဳိးစုံပါ၀င္သည္။ ယင္းမွာ အစုိးရသတင္းစာမွ ထုတ္ျပန္ျခင္းျဖစ္ပီး၊ လူအခြင့္အေရးအဖြဲ႕မ်ား၏ ေလ့လာေတြ႕ရွိခ်က္မွာ ဤထက္အဆေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ပုိပါသည္။ တစ္ခ်ဳိ႕သည္ လစာကာလ ၾကာရွည္စြာမရ၍ ေတာင္းျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ရုိက္ႏွက္ခံရပါသည္။ အခ်ိဳ႕အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူတုိ႕မွာ အလုပ္ရွင္သာမက အလုပ္ေအးဂ်င့္မ်ား၏ မတရားညွဥ္းပန္း လူမဆန္မႈမ်ားကုိပါ ခံၾကရသည္။
အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမားတုိ႕သည္ ေအာက္ေဖာ္ျပပါအခ်က္မ်ားေၾကာင့္ မေလးရွားႏုိင္ငံသားအလုပ္ရွင္တုိ႕၏ မတရားမႈမ်ားကုိ ခံၾကရသည္။
- ေ၀းကြာေသာျပည္ပႏုိင္ငံမ်ားမွ မိသားစု၊ ေဆြမ်ိဳး၊ သူငယ္ခ်င္းမ်ားႏွင့္ခြဲခြာ၍ လာေရာက္လုပ္ကုိင္ရပီး၊ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္တြင္လည္း လုပ္ေဖာ္ကုိင္ဖက္မရွိ၊ အထီးက်န္ျခင္း။ သူတုိ႕သည္ အလုပ္ရွင္၏ အိမ္ထဲတြင္သာေနၾကရပီး၊ ျပင္ပပတ္၀န္းက်င္ႏွင့္ ဆက္သြယ္ခြင့္မရၾက။ ဆက္သြယ္ခ်ိန္မရၾက။ သူတုိ႕ထံ ေရာက္ရွိေသာစာမ်ား ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခံရျခင္း၊ ဖုန္းေျပာဆုိျခင္းမ်ားကုိ ပိတ္ပင္တားဆီးျခင္း။ ဘာသာစကားအခက္မ်ားေၾကာင့္ နားလည္မႈလြဲျခင္းႏွင့္ လူမ်ဳိးဘာသာမတူ၍ အေတြးအေခၚခံစားခ်က္ကြာဟျခင္း စသည္တုိ႕က ပုိမုိ၍ အထီးက်န္ဆန္ေစျခင္း။
- တိက်ေသခ်ာေသာ အလုပ္သမားဥပေဒဆုိင္ရာေခၚစာႏွင့္ ကန္ထရုိက္စာခ်ဳပ္မ်ားမရွိျခင္း၊ ရွိေသာ္လည္းထိေရာက္စြာ ကာကြယ္မႈမရျခင္း၊ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမမ်ားကုိ အလုပ္ရွင္ႏွင့္အမ်ားက အဆင့္နိမ့္ေသာသူမ်ားအျဖစ္သတ္မွတ္၍ ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံခံရျခင္း၊ အျခားအလုပ္သမားမ်ားကဲ့သုိ႕ သတ္သတ္မွတ္မွတ္ အလုပ္အကုိင္တစ္မ်ဳိးကုိသာ လုပ္ကုိင္ရျခင္းမဟုတ္ဘဲ အလုပ္ရွင္ (အိမ္ရွင္)၏ ခုိင္းေစမႈမွန္သမွ်ကုိလုပ္ကုိင္ေပးရျခင္း၊ ျငင္းဆန္ခြင့္မရွိျခင္း၊ မေလးရွားအလုပ္အကုိင္ဥပေဒကလည္း အလုပ္ရွင္ကုိ အကာအကြယ္မ်ားစြာေပးထားျခင္း။
- မေလးရွားတုိ႕သည္ ျပည္ပမွ လာေရာက္လုပ္ကုိင္သူမ်ားကုိ ယင္းတုိ႕ထက္ အဆင့္အတန္းနိမ့္က်သည္ဟု သတ္မွတ္သည္႕အျပင္ ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံျခင္း၊ ေစာ္ကားမုိက္ရုိင္းမႈမ်ားၿပဳလုပ္ျခင္း၊ ညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္ျခင္း စသည္တုိ႕ကုိ ၿပဳၾကျခင္း၊ အလုပ္သမားတုိ႕မွာ လူတစ္ဦးကဲ့သုိ႕ပင္ ဆက္ဆံမႈမရျခင္း၊ လူသားတစ္ဦးအျဖစ္ စာနာေလးစားမႈမရျခင္း။
မေလးသတင္းစာမ်ားမွ မေလးရွားႏုိင္ငံသားတုိ႕၏ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူတုိ႕ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္သည့္ ယင္းတုိ႕၏ အခက္ခဲမ်ားကုိ တင္ျပရန္ဖိတ္ေခၚခဲ့ရာ ေအာက္ပါအတုိင္း ျပန္ၾကားခဲ့ၾကသည္။ (နံပါတ္စဥ္အလုိက္ တပ္ထားသည္႕အခ်က္မ်ားသည္ မေလးရွားအလုပ္ရွင္မ်ားမွ ယင္းတုိ႕၏ အိမ္ေဖာ္၊ အိမ္အကူမ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ သတင္းစာသုိ႕တင္ျပခ်က္မ်ားျဖစ္ပါသည္။)
၁။ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူတုိ႕သည္ အလုပ္စၿပီး မၾကာမီတြင္ ထြက္ေျပးၾကသည္။
မေလးသတင္းစာမ်ားက ယင္းအခ်က္ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ အလုပ္သမတုိ႕၏ အလုပ္ရွင္အေပၚ အခြင့္အေရးယူမႈမ်ား၊ မယုံၾကည္ရမႈမ်ားကုိ ယင္းတုိ႕ႏုိင္ငံသား အလုပ္ရွင္မ်ား တင္ျပသည္႕အတုိင္း ေလ့လာစမ္းစစ္မႈမရွိဘဲ ျပစ္တင္ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕က အလုပ္သမတုိ႕သည္ ပ်င္းရိေၾကာင္း၊ အလုပ္မလုပ္လုိေၾကာင္း ေျပာခဲ့သည္။ သုိ႕အတြက္ေၾကာင့္ ထြက္ေျပးၾကေၾကာင္း ေျပာခဲ့ၿပီး၊ ယင္းတုိ႕၏ အၿပဳအမူလုပ္ေဆာင္ဆက္ဆံမႈမ်ားကုိမူ မေဖာ္ျပဘဲ ယင္းတုိ႕သေဘာထားေကာင္းလ်က္ႏွင့္ ထြက္ေျပးၾကသည္ဟု စြပ္စြဲခဲ့သည္။
၂။ အိမ္ေဖာ္မ်ားသည္ ေယာက္်ားေလးမိတ္ေဆြမ်ားစြာ ရွိသည္သာမက အျခားေနရာမ်ားတြင္ သြားအိပ္ၾက၍ ေရာဂါျဖစ္ပြားၾကသည္။
စက္တင္ဘာ ၁၂ ရက္ေန႕၊ ၁၉၉၇ ထုတ္ New Straits Times သတင္းစာသုိ႕ေပးပုိ႕ေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္ရွင္တစ္ဦး၏စာတြင္ ယင္း၏အိမ္ေဖာ္သည္ ညအခါ အျခားေယာက္်ားေလးမ်ားႏွင့္ ျပင္ပတြင္သြားအိပ္ေန၍ ေရာဂါရလာပါက ယင္း၏အိမ္သားမ်ား ကူးစက္ခံရမည္ကုိ စုိးရိမ္ေၾကာင္း ေရးပုိ႕ခဲ့သည္။ အလုပ္ရွင္မ်ားသည္ ယင္းတုိ႕၏အိမ္ေဖာ္မ်ား အိမ္တြင္သာေန၍ တစ္ေနကုန္တစ္ညလုံး၊ အလုပ္ကုိ မရပ္မနားလုပ္ေစလုိပီး၊ အကယ္၍ အေၾကာင္းကိစၥ တစ္ခုခု၊ အေရးႀကီးကိစၥ တစ္ခုခုေၾကာင့္ အလုပ္သမက ျပင္ပသုိ႕သြားေရာက္ရသည္ကုိပင္ ဤကဲ့သုိ႕စြပ္စြဲမႈမ်ားေတြ႕ရွိရသည္။ သုိ႕ေသာ္ အိမ္ေဖာ္ အလုပ္အကုိင္ေအးဂ်င့္ တစ္ဦးက ေျပာဆုိသည္မွာ ေယာက္်ားေလးမိတ္ေဆြထား၍ အိမ္ရွင္တုိ႕မွ ရုိက္ႏွက္သည္ဆုိသည္မွာ လိမ္လည္ျခင္းျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း၊ အမွန္မွာ အိမ္ရွင္တုိ႕၏ လူမဆန္စြာ ညွဥ္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္မႈမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ထြက္ေပါက္အေနႏွင့္ တစ္ခ်ဳိ႕တစ္ေလသာ ေယာက္်ားေလးမိတ္ေဆြ ထားလာရေၾကာင္း ေျပာဆုိသည္။
၃။ အိမ္ေဖာ္မ်ားသည္ မိမိတုိ႕၏ လင္ေယာက္်ားကုိခုိးယူၾကသည္။
ဤအခ်က္မွာ အိမ္ေဖာ္မ်ားကုိ လိင္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ က်င့္၀တ္မရွိဟု အေျခအျမစ္မရွိစြာ စြပ္စြဲေျပာဆုိျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ စက္တင္ဘာ ၁၂ ရက္ေန႕၊ ၁၉၉၇ ထုတ္ New Straits Times သတင္းစာတြင္ ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့ေသာ စာတစ္ေစာင္အရ အိမ္ေဖာ္သည္ ယင္း၏ လင္ေယာက္်ားႏွင့္ ေဖာက္ျပန္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာဆုိခဲ့သည္။ ေမလ ၁၇ ရက္ေန႕၊ ၁၉၉၈ The Sun သတင္းစာက အိမ္ရွင္လင္ေယာက္်ားသည္ ယခင္သူ၏အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ လက္ထပ္သြားသည့္ အမႈ ၈- မႈရွိေၾကာင္း ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။ သုိ႕ေသာ္ သတင္းစာတုိ႕တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပသည္ႏွင့္ဆန္႕က်င္စြာ၊ အိမ္ရွင္ေယာက္်ားသည္ အိမ္ေဖာ္ကုိ လိင္ပုိင္းဆုိင္ရာ မတရားအၾကမ္းဖက္ျခင္း၊ ႀကဳိးပမ္းျခင္း၊ မုဒိန္းက်င့္ျခင္း၊ အခ်ိဳ႕အမႈမ်ားတြင္ ဆုိး၀ါးစြာ က်င့္ၾကံျခင္းမ်ား ပါ၀င္သည္။ ထုိကဲ့သုိ႕ သတင္းစာတြင္ ေဖာ္ျပသည္႕အမႈမ်ားမွာ မွန္ခဲ့သည္ ဆုိေစကာမႈ၊ အမွန္တကယ္ အိမ္ရွင္ေယာက္်ားႏွင့္ ယင္းတုိ႕ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာ ေယာက္်ားတုိ႕၏ မတရားေစာ္ကားမႈေၾကာင့္ ဒုကၡေရာက္၊ အသက္ဆုံးရွဳံးရေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမတုိ႕အမႈအေရအတြက္မွာ အဆေပါင္းေထာင္ႏွင့္ခ်ီ၍ ရွိပါသည္။ (WAO)
၄။ သူမသည္ မိမိတုိ႕ႏုိင္ငံေအာက္ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈအဆင့္အတန္း မ်ားစြာနိမ့္က်ေသာႏုိင္ငံမွ လာသည္ျဖစ္၍ သူမ၏အက်င့္စရုိက္တုိ႕ေၾကာင့္ မိမိတုိ႕အိမ္ေထာင္ေရးဘ၀ ပ်က္စီးႏုိင္သည္။
မေလးရွားတြင္ လုပ္ကုိင္ေနေသာ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္ အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမတုိ႕မွာ အမ်ားအားျဖင့္ အင္ဒုိနီးရွား (ယခုအင္ဒုိးနီးရွားအစုိးရမွ မေလးရွားသုိ႕ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမ ပုိ႕ျခင္းကုိ လုံး၀ပိတ္ပင္ ရပ္ဆုိင္းလုိက္ပါျပီ။) ႏွင့္ ဖိလစ္ပုိင္တုိ႕မွ ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ အိမ္ရွင္တုိ႕မွာ ယင္းတုိ႕၏ ကေလးမ်ား မိမိတုိ႕ဘာသာစကားကုိ အင္ဒုိအသံ၊ ဖိလစ္ပုိင္အသံႏွင့္ ေျပာက်င့္ရသြားမည္ကုိ စုိးရိမ္ေၾကာင္း တင္ျပခဲ့သည္။ ထုိ႕ျပင္ အိမ္ေဖာ္တုိ႕၏ မူရင္းႏုိင္ငံသည္ မိမိတုိ႕ထက္ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈနိမ့္သျဖင့္ မိမိတုိ႕၏ကေလးမ်ား နိမ့္က်ေသာယဥ္ေက်းမႈမ်ား လႊမ္းမုိးခံရမည္ကုိ စုိးရိမ္ေၾကာင္း၊ ကေလးႏွင့္မိဘအၾကား ကြာဟမႈမ်ားျဖစ္လာႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာခဲ့သည္။ ယင္းတုိ႕၏ အစုိးရပုိင္းမ်ားကလည္း ဤအခ်က္ကုိ ေထာက္ခံ၍ အိမ္ေဖာ္မ်ားကုိ ပညာေပးမႈ၊ ေလ့က်င့္ေပးမႈမ်ားၿပဳသင့္ေၾကာင္း ေအာ္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။ --------------
(သုိ႕အတြက္ေၾကာင့္ ယခုလက္ရွိ မေလးရွားတုိ႕သည္ အင္ဒုိနီးရွားႏွင့္ ကေမၹာဒီးယား ႏုိင္ငံတုိ႕မွ အိမ္ေဖာ္ႏွင့္အိမ္အကူအလုပ္သမားမ်ား ပုိ႕ေဆာင္ျခင္းကုိ ရပ္တန္႕ခံလုိက္ရသည့္အတြက္ မေလးရွား၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္နာဂ်စ္သည္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွ အိမ္ေဖာ္အလုပ္သမမ်ားရရွိႏုိင္ေရးအတြက္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံလက္ရွိႀကံ့ဖြ႕ံအစုိးရႏွင့္ ညွိႏႈိင္းမႈမ်ား ၿပဳလုပ္လ်က္ရွိပါသည္။ ထုိ႕ေၾကာင့္ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံသူ၊ ႏုိင္ငံသားအေပါင္း အားလုံးတုိ႕သည္ တာ၀န္သိသိျဖင့္ ဤလုပ္ေဆာင္မႈကုိ အျပင္းအထန္ ဆန္႕က်င္ ကန္႕ကြက္ၾကေစလိုေၾကာင္း ေလးစားစြာတုိက္တြန္းရင္း…. ဧၿပီလ ၁၄ ရက္ေန႕၊ ၂၀၁၂ ခုႏွစ္ထုတ္ The Star သတင္းစာမွ “မေလးအိမ္ရွင္တုိ႕၏ ရက္စက္စြာ သတ္ျဖတ္မႈေၾကာင့္ ေသဆုံးသြားခဲ့ေသာ ကေမၹာဒီးယားႏုိင္ငံသူ၊ အသက္ ၂၄ ႏွစ္အရြယ္၊ Mey Sichan ၏ အမႈအေသးစိတ္ကို ထပ္မံစံုစမ္း၍ တင္ျပေပးသြားပါမည္။-----ဘာသာျပန္သူ)
ႏြားေက်ာင္းသား (Friend Ever)
မွီျငမ္း......
http://www.wao.org.my/Migrant+Domestic+Workers_54_5_1.htm
Migrant Domestic Worker Abuse
IntroductionThe Growing Problem of Foreign Domestic Worker Abuse in Malaysia
Factors Contributed to Foreign Domestic Worker Abuse
Attitidues Held by Some Malaysians on Foreign Domestic Workers
What WAO is Doing?
Introduction
The issue of migrant domestic worker abuse is becoming one of growing concern in Malaysia. Recently several severe cases of maid abuse have come to the attention of WAO. The media attention that these cases attracted served to highlight the fact that the abuse of migrant domestic workers is prevalent in Malaysian society.The vulnerability of the maid’s position as a resident in the home of her employer, the lack of legislation to protect the maid, and the tendency of state and local policies to safeguard the interests of the employer rather than the maid all combine to create a situation in which abuse is likely to occur.
In addition, the negative perceptions of migrant maids held by many Malaysians implicitly condone the abuse of migrant maids. This paper proposes to examine the scope and frequency of migrant domestic worker abuse as well as the factors that contribute to the occurrence of abuse.
A selection of case studies from WAO will be looked at in detail and suggestions made for best practice guidelines for dealing with cases of maid abuse. Finally, solutions will be proposed for dealing with the wide scale abuse and mistreatment of migrant household workers.
Population of Migrant Workers in Malaysia
The migrant worker population is a significant labor force in Malaysia. According to Human Rights Watch, in 1995 Malaysia became the largest importer of labour in Asia, taking in over a million workers from Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Despite the trend over the past year to restrict migrant workers and hire local labourers, migrant workers continue to enter Malaysia in large numbers.
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The Growing Problem of Migrant Domestic Worker Abuse in Malaysia
According to Human Rights Watch, in 1995 Malaysia became the largest
importer of labor in Asia, taking over a million workers. A National
English Daily, The Sun, on 6 April 2000, reported that the Immigration
authorities estimated over 2 million migrant workers in Malaysia, of
which more than 160,000 are hired as domestic helpers.WAO has done an analysis of media coverage of migrant domestic worker abuse (FDWA) which reveals that abuse of migrant domestic workers is a recurring phenomenon in Malaysian society. The abuse occurs on several different levels; psychological, physical and economic, and is of growing concern.
Foreign domestic workers have been subjected to slapping, beating, pinching. They are often overworked, rising at 5 am and working into the night. Foreign domestic workers can be malnourished, given poor quality food in small quantities. Mental torture is being denied contact with your family and friends, or being driven into the forest at night and threatened with abandonment. Salaries have been withheld. Two years spent living in a small cage-like enclosure in the garden, let out only to work, is one domestic worker's experience.
Scope and Frequency of Domestic Worker Abuse Cases
An analysis of the media coverage of migrant domestic worker abuse cases reveals that FDW abuse is a recurring phenomenon in Malaysian society. A media survey of the English language newspapers conducted by WAO revealed that between July 1997 and August 1998, there were nineteen cases of migrant domestic worker abuse in Malaysia. Within this thirteen-month period, at least one case of abuse occurred each month.
Of the nineteen total cases of abuse, eleven involved physical abuse and assault in varying degrees of severity. There were three cases of sexual abuse, including rape and attempted rape by an employer, two cases of confinement, and seven cases of withholding passports and/or wages by employers.
It is important to note that in all nineteen cases, physical abuse often coincided with other forms of abuse, including withholding passports and wages. Fourteen of the reported cases involved abuse by the employer, while in four of the cases the agent was the abuser. In only one case, the perpetrator was unknown.
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Factors Contributing to Foreign Domestic Worker Abuse
Foreign domestic workers are especially vulnerable to abuse by their employers due to some factors below:- Coming from a different country faraway from their family and friends, they are socially isolated. They may be confined to the employer's home, often with little outside contact. Letters may be monitored, telephone calls curtailed or banned. Language difficulties can add to miss-understandings and feelings of social isolation.
- There is no standard, fair contract of employment or adequate legislation to protect migrant domestic workers. Domestic work is often de-valued and domestic workers are not considered as 'proper' employees. Contracts for domestic workers frequently view the worker as property of the employer to be used as the employers wishes, rather than as a professional worker hired to do a specific job. There is a tendency for state and local policies to safeguard the interests of employers rather than migrant domestic workers.
- Many Malaysians have negative perceptions of migrant domestic workers which contributes to the frequency and severity of abuse. Foreign domestic workers are often viewed as culturally inferior, sometimes 'less than human', and not considered as deserving of the same respect and consideration given to other human beings.
Attitidues Held by Some Malaysians on Foreign Domestic Workers
Attitudes of some Malaysians to migrant domestic workers, revealed
through letters and opinion polls in the press, from a survey of media
articles between September 1997 to September 1998:"Maids" take advantage of employers by running away at the first opportunity
Newspaper accounts are filled with horror stories such as these that portray the employer as a victim to the untrustworthiness of domestic workers. The underlying assumption feeding this attitude is that domestic workers are lazy and don't want to work, and therefore run away at the first chance they get. Never do the employers examine their own behavior as a contributing factor to the situation.
"Maids" have a lots of boyfriends, sleep around, are diseased
In a letter to the New Straits Times dated September , 12 1997, a former employer stated that it was "…desirable to gradually phase out maids so that no more sexually transmitted diseases will be bought to our homes."
Employers use their assumptions about their domestic worker's promiscuity to justify confinement of the domestic worker to the home. One agent thought that 'having a lot of boyfriends' was a valid reason for abusing a domestic worker.
"Maids" steal husbands
This perception is related to the notion that domestic workers are promiscuous and flirtatious. In a letter to the New Straits Times dated September 12, 1997, the author lists "husband snatching" as one of the dangers of having "migrant maids". In another article which appeared in the Sun on May 17, 1998, Michael Chong of the MCA Bureau brought to the attention of the press eight cases since 1996 in which husbands married their former migrant domestic workers. This is a small number of incidences compared to the abuse cases of migrant domestic workers reported in the media.
The migrant domestic worker's foreign culture is inferior to Malaysian culture and her influence will corrupt the family
Employers fear that their children will pick up aspects of another culture and will end up speaking with an Indonesian or Filipino accent. The concern was also expressed that, if the children are influenced culturally by a migrant domestic worker, this may lead to a rift between child and parent. The National Unity and Development Minister, Datin Paduka Zaleha Ismail has said, "…the failure to educate migrant domestic workers may result in the children inheriting the culture of the migrant domestic workers [this may result in] an increase in social problems among children as well as widen the gap between children and parents."
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What WAO is Doing
Since its inception in 1982, WAO began receiving several isolated
cases of domestic worker abuse. The first case, in 1988, was of a
Filipina migrant domestic worker who had been raped by her employer.
Since that case, at least one FDW per year has sought refuge at WAO for
physical abuse. In 1999 alone, WAO provided shelter to 11 migrant
domestic workers who had been abused, and provided counseling and advice
to more. Shelter and support is vital. Once employment is terminated,
either by the worker or the employer, the woman loses her permit to work
in Malaysia and is unable to financially support herself.Many women feel very discouraged to seek legal redress for abuse, which currently can take years. There is no specific law in Malaysia on violence against migrant domestic workers unlike to Domestic Violence Act, which now gives some protection to wives.
WAO now have a series of protocols to handle FDWA cases, covering:
- filing complaints with the police, Welfare and Labor Departments
- processing applications with the Immigration Department,
- gathering medical reports, and other evidence of abuse,
- assisting women in obtaining lawyers and initiating civil and criminal suits,
- lobbying the media for case coverage and advocacy.
In 1995, after a series of severe abuse cases, WAO began documenting the women's experiences, using the press to highlight the problem of FDWA. On the 3rd March this year, we met with the Ministry of Human Resources and submitted our proposals for a Model Contract of Employment and a Singapore sample of a Guideline for Employers of migrant domestic workers. WAO is committed to pursuing these initiatives with the authorities.
We are lobbying for specific changes in law and policy. We want:
- The implementation of a Fair and Standard Employment Contract between workers and employers, establishing workers rights and employers responsibilities.
- Special permission to work from the Immigration Department for domestic workers who are awaiting completion of investigations or going through trial, to be able to work in another home in order to earn a living
- Arrival orientations for migrant domestic workers to be conducted by the Ministry of Human Resources and Labor Department on their rights, including providing workers with emergency telephone numbers and other resources for dealing with abuse.
- The publication of A Guide for Employers, by the Ministry of Human Resources, outlining employers responsibilities, application processes and a list of offences and their penalties under law.
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