က်ေနာ႔ မင္းမဟာ ပုဂံအား ေနျပည္ေတာ္မွ တိုက္ခ်လိုက္ေသာေၾကာင္႔ ယခု ျပန္တင္ပါသည္။
သူခိုးတို႔၏ ဘဏ္တိုက္ကို ဖြင္႔ၾကည္႔ျခင္း
အပိုင္း(၁)
ပြင္႔လင္းလြတ္လပ္စြာ ေျခရာခံစစ္ေဆးႏိုင္မွဳကင္းမ
A lack of accountability, corruption allows enormous financial opportunity for a select few at the expense of average persons, intensifying the gap between rich and poor; this coupled with a resulting lack of effective social spending, leads to increased rates of poverty.(The Financial Time)
ျမန္မာျပည္အတြင္း ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွ ၀င္လာေသာေငြ၏ အၾကီးမားဆံုးသည္ တန္ဘိုးဂနၾကီးေသာေက်ာက္မ်က္
Although revenues from the export of natural gas and precious jades are the largest source of foreign income in Burma, there has been no revenue transparency under both the previous Than Shwe regime and the current Thein Sein regime. How the government receives, manages, or uses oil and gas revenues is not publicly disclosed, the role that military enterprises play in revenue management and use remains unaccountable, and a total lack of benefit sharing is prolonging Burma’s resource curse.( Asia Review)
၂၀၀၁ ခုႏွစ္မွစ၍ သဘာ၀ဓါတ္ေငြ႔တင္ပို႔မွဳမွ ရရိွေသာ ကနဦးလက္ခံရရိွေသာ ၀င္ေငြမွ ယေန႔တိုင္ပင္ မည္သို႔ လုပ္ကိုင္ေဆာင္ရြက္ ခန္႔ခြဲေၾကာင္း အတိလင္း ေဖၚျပျခင္း မရိွသည္မွာ ဦးသန္းေရႊ စစ္အုပ္စုအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မွဳကာလႏွ
Since receiving its first payments for the export of gas in 2001 until today, both the military junta led by Than Shwe and the current Thein Sein regime have not disclosed how gas revenues enter the country or how they are managed. The gas money is not entered into public accounts or the national budget, so where is it? Most analysts speculate that payments are deposited into foreign bank accounts which are accessed by military generals for arms purchases and personal expenses.
( The Global Economic)
ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္မွပိုင္ဆိုင္ေသာ
၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အေမ၇ိကန္ေဒၚလာ သန္းေပါင္း ၂ေထာင္မွ သန္းေပါင္း ၄ေထာင္ ထိပင္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံသို႔ ေရာင္းခ်ရေသာ ၀င္ေငြမ်ား ရရိွခဲ႔ရျပီး ၄င္းေငြသားမ်ားအား ျမန္မာျပည္သူမ်ားႏွင္႔ဆိုင္
According to a former official of the state-owned Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), income from the sale of the Yadana gas never even enters Burma. The payments are disbursed by Thailand through a third party to bank accounts in foreign countries such as Singapore, Dubai, and China. in 2009 that “Burma currently receives between $2 and $4 billion a year from its sales of natural gas to Thailand, but these funds are kept far from the country’s public accounts.
အဆိုပါ ေထာက္ျပေသာအေၾကာင္းရာမ်ားထဲ
“As well as violating their own citizens’ human rights, Burma’s
military rulers are robbing their people blind by hiding billions in
energy revenues.”
သဘာ၀ဓါတ္ေငြ႔ႏွင္႔ ေက်ာက္ျမက္ရတနာတို႔မွရ၇ိွေသ
စားရင္းအင္းမရိွ အရွင္းေျပာက္ဆံုးသြားခဲ႔သည္
Gas and jade revenues in Burma are recorded at the ‘official’ exchange rate of 6 kyat: US$1 while the market exchange rate ranges from 800-1,000 kyat: US$1 under military regime rule for 20 years, leaving billions of dollars’ worth of gas payments completely unaccounted for. Burma’s top military generals have therefore hidden billions of gas export dollars since 1998 due to the dual exchange rate system in Burma according to US Treasury Control Department.
အဆိုပါ ေငြလဲလွယ္ႏံုန္းစည္းမ်ဥ္းအရ
Based on this exchange rate system, the military regime has hidden 99% of the Yadana gas exports from 2000 to 2008 (an estimated US$4 of US$ 4.83 billion). The unrecorded gas export revenue in the national budget from the Yadana project alone could build more than 200,000 schools for 30 million children.
ဆက္လက္ျပီး ဒုတိယ ဇာတ္သိမ္းပိုင္းအား တင္ျပေပးပါမည္။
စာဖတ္သူ fb မိတ္ေဆြမ်ားအား ေက်းဇူးအထူးတင္ပါသည္။
ဂိုလ္ရွယ္ေလး
မွတ္ခ်က္။ ။ ဒုတိယပိုင္းတြင္ သူခိုးတို႔ လိမ္လည္မွဳ မည္မ်ွပင္ပိရိေၾကာင္း သက္ေသအေထာက္ထားမ်ားျဖင္႔တင္
သူခိုးတို႔၏ ဘဏ္တိုက္ကို ဖြင္႔ၾကည္႔ျခင္း
အပိုင္း(၁)
ပြင္႔လင္းလြတ္လပ္စြာ ေျခရာခံစစ္ေဆးႏိုင္မွဳကင္းမ
A lack of accountability, corruption allows enormous financial opportunity for a select few at the expense of average persons, intensifying the gap between rich and poor; this coupled with a resulting lack of effective social spending, leads to increased rates of poverty.(The Financial Time)
ျမန္မာျပည္အတြင္း ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွ ၀င္လာေသာေငြ၏ အၾကီးမားဆံုးသည္ တန္ဘိုးဂနၾကီးေသာေက်ာက္မ်က္
Although revenues from the export of natural gas and precious jades are the largest source of foreign income in Burma, there has been no revenue transparency under both the previous Than Shwe regime and the current Thein Sein regime. How the government receives, manages, or uses oil and gas revenues is not publicly disclosed, the role that military enterprises play in revenue management and use remains unaccountable, and a total lack of benefit sharing is prolonging Burma’s resource curse.( Asia Review)
၂၀၀၁ ခုႏွစ္မွစ၍ သဘာ၀ဓါတ္ေငြ႔တင္ပို႔မွဳမွ ရရိွေသာ ကနဦးလက္ခံရရိွေသာ ၀င္ေငြမွ ယေန႔တိုင္ပင္ မည္သို႔ လုပ္ကိုင္ေဆာင္ရြက္ ခန္႔ခြဲေၾကာင္း အတိလင္း ေဖၚျပျခင္း မရိွသည္မွာ ဦးသန္းေရႊ စစ္အုပ္စုအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မွဳကာလႏွ
Since receiving its first payments for the export of gas in 2001 until today, both the military junta led by Than Shwe and the current Thein Sein regime have not disclosed how gas revenues enter the country or how they are managed. The gas money is not entered into public accounts or the national budget, so where is it? Most analysts speculate that payments are deposited into foreign bank accounts which are accessed by military generals for arms purchases and personal expenses.
( The Global Economic)
ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္မွပိုင္ဆိုင္ေသာ
၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အေမ၇ိကန္ေဒၚလာ သန္းေပါင္း ၂ေထာင္မွ သန္းေပါင္း ၄ေထာင္ ထိပင္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံသို႔ ေရာင္းခ်ရေသာ ၀င္ေငြမ်ား ရရိွခဲ႔ရျပီး ၄င္းေငြသားမ်ားအား ျမန္မာျပည္သူမ်ားႏွင္႔ဆိုင္
According to a former official of the state-owned Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE), income from the sale of the Yadana gas never even enters Burma. The payments are disbursed by Thailand through a third party to bank accounts in foreign countries such as Singapore, Dubai, and China. in 2009 that “Burma currently receives between $2 and $4 billion a year from its sales of natural gas to Thailand, but these funds are kept far from the country’s public accounts.
အဆိုပါ ေထာက္ျပေသာအေၾကာင္းရာမ်ားထဲ
“As well as violating their own citizens’ human rights, Burma’s
military rulers are robbing their people blind by hiding billions in
energy revenues.”
သဘာ၀ဓါတ္ေငြ႔ႏွင္႔ ေက်ာက္ျမက္ရတနာတို႔မွရ၇ိွေသ
စားရင္းအင္းမရိွ အရွင္းေျပာက္ဆံုးသြားခဲ႔သည္
Gas and jade revenues in Burma are recorded at the ‘official’ exchange rate of 6 kyat: US$1 while the market exchange rate ranges from 800-1,000 kyat: US$1 under military regime rule for 20 years, leaving billions of dollars’ worth of gas payments completely unaccounted for. Burma’s top military generals have therefore hidden billions of gas export dollars since 1998 due to the dual exchange rate system in Burma according to US Treasury Control Department.
အဆိုပါ ေငြလဲလွယ္ႏံုန္းစည္းမ်ဥ္းအရ
Based on this exchange rate system, the military regime has hidden 99% of the Yadana gas exports from 2000 to 2008 (an estimated US$4 of US$ 4.83 billion). The unrecorded gas export revenue in the national budget from the Yadana project alone could build more than 200,000 schools for 30 million children.
ဆက္လက္ျပီး ဒုတိယ ဇာတ္သိမ္းပိုင္းအား တင္ျပေပးပါမည္။
စာဖတ္သူ fb မိတ္ေဆြမ်ားအား ေက်းဇူးအထူးတင္ပါသည္။
ဂိုလ္ရွယ္ေလး
မွတ္ခ်က္။ ။ ဒုတိယပိုင္းတြင္ သူခိုးတို႔ လိမ္လည္မွဳ မည္မ်ွပင္ပိရိေၾကာင္း သက္ေသအေထာက္ထားမ်ားျဖင္႔တင္
No comments:
Post a Comment